Study Finds Sugar Substitutes May Protect Teeth but Harm Brain Health

For many years, sugar substitutes such as aspartame, xylitol, and erythritol have been promoted as healthier alternatives to traditional sugar. Dentists have praised these compounds for their ability to help prevent cavities, protect enamel, and limit the growth of harmful oral bacteria like Streptococcus mutans. However, new large-scale research has started to raise concerns about their long-term effects on brain health, suggesting that some sweeteners may come with hidden risks.

A major Brazilian study followed more than 12,000 adults for nearly a decade, observing their intake of low- and no-calorie sweeteners. The researchers found that participants who regularly consumed higher amounts of artificial or sugar alcohol-based sweeteners experienced significantly faster cognitive decline than those who consumed little or none. The study showed that memory, attention, and processing speed decreased up to 60 percent faster in high-consumption groups — roughly equivalent to an additional one and a half years of cognitive aging.

The association appeared strongest among individuals under 60 and those living with diabetes, suggesting that metabolic factors may amplify the potential risks. Scientists theorize that certain sweeteners could alter gut microbiota or affect metabolic pathways in ways that influence brain function. Although more studies are needed to confirm causation, these findings highlight a complex link between diet, metabolism, and neurological health.

Interestingly, the study noted that not all sugar substitutes produced the same results. Tagatose, a naturally occurring low-calorie sweetener, showed no measurable connection to cognitive decline, indicating that some alternatives may be safer than others. This distinction underscores the need for more detailed research into how individual sweeteners interact with the body over time.

From a dental perspective, the findings create an important balance to consider. Sugar substitutes remain beneficial for oral health: they do not contribute to acid production, reduce bacterial adhesion, and help maintain a neutral pH level in the mouth. For people prone to cavities, they continue to serve as an effective way to limit decay. Yet, the possibility that heavy consumption could negatively impact brain health reminds both professionals and patients that moderation is key.

Experts recommend using sweeteners cautiously—choosing natural or less processed options when possible and maintaining a balanced, nutrient-rich diet. While sugar-free products can help protect teeth, long-term health depends on broader dietary habits that support both oral and cognitive well-being. As research evolves, the dental and medical communities may increasingly need to coordinate advice that considers the full-body effects of what we eat.

📰 Original Article

Title: Sugar substitutes may protect teeth, but major study links most to faster cognitive decline

Source: Oral Health Group